I keep coming across people – in person, on chat forums, word-of-mouth friends of friends – who are excluding foods from their diets experimentally.
Some seem to be just having a go to see whether they feel better, perhaps because they’ve read an article.
Others have visited medically untrained complementary therapists or taken unvalidated food intolerance tests, and are acting upon their recommendations. Perhaps they have friends who say ‘it worked for me’ – as if the testimony of a pal somehow overrides the considered scientific analysis of the international medical community.
And so they start to eliminate. They’re quite clued up. Wheat/gluten and dairy are the big two. They read labels, know rye and barley have gluten too, realise that ‘lactose’ denotes dairy, understand that both can turn up in surprising places, like stock cubes, chewing gum, medicines, soy sauce, charcuterie, as well as obvious ones, like cakes, biscuits.
And what happens? They often feel better. Their conclusion? Typically: “I was feeling ill when I was eating gluten and/or dairy. I feel fine when I’m not eating gluten and/or dairy. Therefore I am intolerant to gluten and/or dairy.”
Possibly, but not necessarily – and, arguably, probably not. Cut out gluten and dairy and you’re constrained to cut out all the junk food in which these two foods happen to be found – doughnuts, hot dogs, burgers, the rest. You’re also compelled to consume, inevitably, more vegetables, and alternative treats to fill the gap – fruits, dried fruit, nuts, dark chocolate. Often, it is the inclusion of these wholesome foods – not the exclusion of the unhealthy ones – which is the main reason for improved health. Your diet just got better. A change is good as a rest. But how many draw those conclusions? Very few, if any.
You may be thinking – So what? As long as I feel better, does it matter?
It matters because you could be unnecessarily avoiding healthy gluten-containing and dairy foods – pumpernickel bread, pure wholewheat cereal, natural yoghurts, for instance – which contribute important nutrients.
It also matters because you could be failing to properly uncover a genuine problem with food. One such could be coeliac disease (CD), an illness about which I’m currently writing a new book (Coeliac Disease: What You Need to Know). CD is a serious autoimmune disorder, triggered by gluten, which effects 1% of us, and is largely undiagnosed among the population. Alternative tests cannot diagnose CD. We have proper tests which can. Trouble is, if you stop eating gluten before you’re tested with these proper tests – then the proper tests may not work.
It matters furthermore because you could be affecting the way your digestive system works. Stop eating dairy and your body begins to scale down its production of lactase – an enzyme needed to digest lactose (milk sugar). Try to eat dairy again after some months’ unnecessary avoidance and you may get tummy upsets – typical symptoms of lactose intolerance, caused by reduced lactase levels. This may convince you that the original test was right – you *were* dairy intolerant after all – and that you should avoid it. Again, possible – but probably more likely is that you never had a problem with it to start with, and if you started to eat it again gradually, you could train your body to retolerate it. Many people don’t do that, dietitians have told me, and osteoporosis in later life is their occasional reward.
Just three examples of why casual, “oh it’s worth a go” food exclusion may not be worth a go at all.Labels: coeliac disease, Coeliac Disease: What You Need to Know, elimination/exclusion diets, food intolerance, food intolerance tests, lactose intolerance